In military terminology, a nuclear warhead detonated tens to hundreds of miles above the earths surface is known as a highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp device. The latetime e3 highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. The e2 pulse is created by scattered gamma rays and neutron gamma rays 11 known as smile diagrams source. Emp events occur with little or no warning and can have catastrophic effects. Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse and the bulk power system. Pdf electromagnetic pulse emp is an instantaneous, intense energy field that can overload or disrupt at a distance numerous electrical systems and.
Impact of emp hemp e1 pulse fast component 20550 nsec pulse electromagnetic shockwave travels at the speed of light peak value up to 50,000 voltsmeter. Mar 23, 2017 highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp refers to the electromagnetic pulse that is created by the highaltitude detonation of a nuclear weapon. High altitude electromagnetic pulse, hemp, electromagnetic compatibility, hemp simulator, hemp resilience tests i. The report describes the mechanisms that create the e3 hemp. Photos of recommended test equipment and test setups are included. Critical design issues in protecting against emp and hemp. Electromagnetic pulse threats to americas electric grid. Hemp is the e ect caused by the detonation of a nuclear bomb in the upper atmosphere. Features of high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. Electromagnetic pulse emp and the power grid 5 august 20 electromagnetic pulse emp and the power grid area would likely have a quite different impact.
The electric power research institute epri authored an april 2019 report titled. It wasnt until the mid1960s that the true nature of the emp was better understood. Pdf study of electromagnetic pulse attack on electronic. The antenna system was modeled with the exibility to support parametric trades. An electromagnetic pulse emp, also sometimes called a transient electromagnetic disturbance, is a short burst of electromagnetic energy. Threat assessments background a commission to assess the threat from high altitude electromagnetic pulse emp commission was established by congress in fy2001 after several experts expressed concern that the u. Coupling analyses of the high altitude electromagnetic pulse. Joint electromagnetic pulse resilience strategy july 2016 1 executive summary electromagnetic pulse emp refers to a very intense pulse of electromagnetic energy, deliberately caused by the detonation of a highenergy explosive device nuclear or nonnuclear or generated by a high energy radio frequency herf or directed energy weapon dew. Mar 26, 2019 a highaltitude emp hemp is a type of humanmade emp that occurs when a nuclear device is detonated at approximately 40 kilometers or more above the surface of earth. One of the threats oe is concerned about is a highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp from a nuclear explosion and electromagnetic pulse emp or an early time e1 pulse which can be generated by emp weapons. Such a pulse s origin may be a natural occurrence or manmade and can occur as a radiated, electric, or magnetic field or a conducted electric current, depending on the source. Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp refers to the electromagnetic pulse that is created by the highaltitude detonation of a nuclear weapon.
Leading expertise undisputed leaders and innovators, including william a. This twopart document contains technical requirements and design objectives for highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection of groundbased systems and facilities that are nodes in hemp hardened networks for performing critical and timeurgent command, control, communications, computer, and intelligence c4i missions. Hemp can disable communications systems and even power grids at enormous distances from the burst. The resulting rapidly changing electric fields or magnetic fields may couple with electricalelectronic systems to produce damaging current and. Since the publication of the last ieee transactions on electromagnetic compatibility special issue on nuclear electromagnetic pulse in 1978, significant progress has been made in the development of highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp standards. The nations power grid is vulnerable to the effects of an electromagnetic pulse emp, a sudden burst of electromagnetic radiation resulting from a natural or manmade event. Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp is an electromagnetic energy field produced in the atmosphere by the power and radiation of a nuclear explosion, and that is damaging to electronic equipment over a very wide area, depending on the design of the nuclear device and altitude of the burst. This highaltitude emp also known as hemp effect couples to and can disable electrical and electronic systems in general, but poses the highest risks to longline networks, including electric power and longhaul communications. Counterpoints to electric power research institute positions. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high power.
Threat assessments summary electromagnetic pulse emp is an instantaneous, intense energy field that can. Executive order on coordinating national resilience to. Taken together, they are the two most likely threats that can completely devastate a modern society and transform it into a new dark ages. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection power filters mil std 188125 part 1 is a military document titled high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection for groundbased c4i facilities performing critical, time urgent missions. Progress in highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. Mar 26, 2008 high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high power microwave hpm devices. Epri has been engaged in a focused research effort over the last three years to evaluate the potential impacts of hemp on the electric transmission system and to identify potential options for mitigating effects. Pdf high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high power. The content includes facilities, instrumentation setup, new testing procedures, actual environmental considerations, and data recording and presentation of results. Before the july 16, 1945 trinity test, enrico fermi had tried to calculate the possible electromagnetic fields that would be produced. Electromagnetic pulse emp everything you need to know. Powerworld corporation 2001 south first street champaign, il 61820. Electromagnetic pulse hemp impacts on the grid thomas j.
This paper discusses tolerance values and confidence levels for highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp field tests. The report describes the mechanisms that create the e3 hemp, including the two portions known as the blast wave and heave. The term electromagnetic pulse generally excludes optical infrared, visible, ultraviolet and ionizing such as xray and gamma radiation ranges. Strategies, protections, and mitigations for the electric.
Threat of cascading permanent blackout effects and high. Extended efforts have been made to imhowever, the extent and potentially prove theoretical models and to develop serious nature of emp effects were not associated computer codes for predicrealized for several years. Effects and high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. An electromagnetic pulse emp can be generated by a high altitude nuclear explosion hemp and a geomagnetic storm gms is induced by a coronal mass ejections cmes on the sun. Background a commission to assess the threat from high altitude electromagnetic pulse was established by congress in fy2001 after several experts expressed concern that the u. Threat to the united states from electromagnetic pulse attack, july 22, 2004. Threat assessments summary electromagnetic pulse emp is. Unfortunately, the actual effects of the emp were still not truly known. Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp effects the electromagnetic pulse generated by the detonation of a single nuclear weapon at high altitudes can be a threat to military systems located as much as a thousand miles away. This report introduces in section 1 the threat of the latetime e3 highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp produced by nuclear explosions above an altitude of 30 km. Highaltitude nuclear detonations and electromagnetic bombs can generate emp that. The earlytime e1 highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and its impact on the u. Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp eis council.
Geomagnetically induced current and transformer thermal analysis. Milstd1881251 highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. Emp can also be produced from nonnuclear sources, such as electromagnetic bombs, or ebombs. This paper presents analytical results of the high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp e1 and e2 coupling to an antenna system. Magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse assessment of the. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high power microwave hpm devices.
High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp powerworld. Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp research the detonation of a nuclear weapon in space 20 km or more above the earths surface can generate an intense electromagnetic pulse emp referred to as a highaltitude emp or hemp that can propagate to the earths surface and impact various technological systems such as the electric grid. Although an actual hemp event is not very probable because it requires a large nuclear bomb and a large missile to reach altitude, a lower altitude tacti. High altitude electromagnetic pulse and high power microwave. A highaltitude emp hemp is a type of humanmade emp that occurs when a nuclear device is detonated at approximately 40 kilometers or more above the surface of earth. Idaho national laboratory inl was chosen to conduct the emp study for doeoe. Introduction he ability of the equipment to operate efficiently under the external electromagnetic interferences is known as. Power grid iemi is a term that is applied to the nonexplosive, nonnuclear intentional generation of intense electromagnetic fields that are used to introduce signals into electronic equipment for the specific purpose of disrupting, confusing or damaging these electronics. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection power.
Doe electromagnetic pulse resilience action plan january 10, 2017 1 introduction background on emp electromagnetic pulses emps are intense pulses of electromagnetic energy resulting from solarcaused effects or manmade nuclear and pulse power devices. Electromagnetic pulse emp protection public intelligence. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp, also known as nuclear electromagnetic pulse nuclear emp, which causes high altitude nuclear. Electromagnetic pulse emp protection and resilience.
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